What is ATP? What can ATP do?

ATP adenosine triphosphate(English:adenosine triphosphate,ATP; also known asadenosine triphosphate,adeninenucleoside triphosphate)existbiochemistryin is aNucleotide, ascellInsideenergydelivered "molecularcurrency", store and passchemical energy. ATP innucleic acidIt also plays an important role in synthesis. It is also the guanine dinucleotide in the RNA sequence and acts as a substitute when DNA is transcribed or replicated.

actuallyATPIt is the basic form of energy in living things. All our sports, from playing ball, walking, making phone calls and even resting, rely on ATP to provide muscle energy to move. ATP can be obtained from food through digestion and a series of chemical reactions.

In addition to food, there is another shortcut to speed up the acquisition of ATP, such as more exposure to the sun, in which red light of a special band can absorb light through the mitochondria of cells, and can use light energy into cells, and then help ATP energy.

In fact, all biological energy comes from ATP☼

All muscle activities (including running) require energy to maintain, but food is only an indirect source of energy for muscle activity. After a series of chemical reactions in the human body, the energy released when food is decomposed will be used to manufacture a high-energy compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and stored in muscle cells. When ATP is decomposed, it can provide energy for muscle activity.

ATP is a form of energy in living things

ATP is a high-energy compound used in the functioning of living things. We all know that the body absorbs food to obtain energy, but in fact, the energy released when food is decomposed in the human body cannot be directly used in muscle activities. The energy must first be used to produce ATP and stored in muscle cells. Only the energy released when ATP is broken down can be directly applied to muscle activity.

Energy is the basis of life

The manifestation of energy is a characteristic of life. Phenomena of life, as small as bacteria swimming under a microscope, as large as African giant elephants walking lumberingly; from actually visible whales jumping into the water, to human's highly abstract thinking, all require energy to carry out and maintain. Without the manifestation of energy, life ceases to exist. Therefore, energy is the most basic need of human beings and the foundation of life.

How are these sources of biological energy generated? How is nuclear energy different from burning coal or generating electricity? What is the source, function and difference of ATP from non-biological energy?

It is known from scientific research that almost all the energy needed by living things comes from a substance called ATP, which is hydrolyzed to generate energy. The structure of ATP is shown in the figure. When it is hydrolyzed, it becomesADP (adenosine diphosphate)andPhosphate (Pi)And release energy, which is used as various biological activities to show the phenomenon of life.

Why do almost all living things use the same substance to generate energy to carry on and maintain life? Although alcohol or Jinmen sorghum wine can produce a lot of energy after burning, and candles or gasoline can produce more energy after burning, these substances with simple structure and high energy production are not the energy source required by biological life, but ATP. A substance with complex structure, rare and rare energy generation, is the main source of biological life energy.

The reason why ATP can be used by living things is that it hasadenineandriboseas the basis of hydrolysis. It turns out that when one of the three phosphate radicals is hydrolyzed and separated from the original position of ATP, it generates enormous energy. Necessary for all activities of biological life. Inspired the light of life. All living things, from the smallest microbes to the highest human beings, depend on that shedPhosphategenerated energy to survive.

ATP cycle

daily energy needs of the human bodyhydrolysis100-150 moles of ATP is equivalent to 50 to 75 kilograms. This means that a person will break down ATP equivalent to his body weight in a day. But the total amount of ATP in the human body is only about 0.1Moore(about 51 grams), so each ATP molecule is reused 1000-1500 times a day. ATP cannot be stored because ATP must be consumed within a short time after synthesis.

ATP biosynthesis

ATP in cellsmolar concentrationUsually 1-10 mM. ATP can be produced by a variety of cellular pathways. The most typical such as inmitochondriapass inOxidative phosphorylationDepend onadenosine triphosphate synthasesynthetically, or in plantChloroplastpass inphotosynthesissynthesis. The main source of energy for ATP synthesis isglucoseandfatty acid. Each molecule of glucose precedescytoplasmic matrix2 molecules are produced inPyruvateAt the same time, 2 molecules of ATP are produced, which eventually pass through the mitochondriatricarboxylic acid cycle(akacitric acid cycle) yields a maximum of 38 molecules of ATP. Oxidative breakdown of fatty acids intocitric acid cycle, Long chain removal can also be used for oxidative phosphorylation to decompose to generate ATP, generally 108 ATP.

source:

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2. Huang sir's running tips, 2016/08
3. wikipedia, Adenosine triphosphate, 2019/04
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6. Lin Haibin. Is it breaking the key and releasing the energy? Or water explain energy? ——The Energy Source of ATP. Chemistry Teaching. January 2009: 74–76.
7. Beis I., and Newsholme EA, (1975).
8. atp.holisticphysio.com, 2019/04

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